Intercontinental sea lying between Europe, Africa and Asia. In the west it is connected by the Strait of Gibraltar to the Atlantic Ocean, in the east by the Dardanelles connects with the sea of ​​Marmara and further through the Bosphorus with the Black Sea, and through the Suez Canal with the Red Sea and further with the Indian Ocean. This inland sea is the only one in the world surrounded by lands belonging to three parts of the world. Culture and science flourished here for thousands of years, agriculture, craft, trade and shipping flourished. In this area, rich souvenirs of old civilizations remained - individual monuments and entire cities. The common feature of these countries, apart from access to the sea, is the climate and Mediterranean vegetation.

The following countries lie on the Mediterranean (clockwise): Gibraltar, Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Cyprus (including North Cyprus and Akrotiri and Dhekelia) ), Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel (including the Gaza Strip), Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.